Congate: blood related or closely related.
parts of speech: Adjective
Examples: Sister, Cousin, Son
Sentence: A cognate to me is my brother.

Derivative:To obtain from another certain source.
Parts of speech: Adj
Examples: Acquired, copied, replica
Sentence: the young student got a derivative from his classmated paper

Diminutive: Unusually Small
Parts of speech: Adj
Examples: tiny, midget, miniature
Sentence: nicole bowl is diminutive.

Inflection: Changing the tone of your voice.
Parts of speech: Noun
Example: change, variation, variety
Sentence: The singer had a suddend inflection of his voice.

Orthography: The act of using words as they are spelled and defined.
Parts of speech: Noun
Examples: Correct, distinct, Remarked
Sentence: The english teacher was a professional with orthography.